The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. The link provided will take you to the beginning of that print page. You may need to scroll forward from that location to find the corresponding reference on your e-reader.
Italic page references indicate figures.
A/B testing, 149
accountability, 17, 113–32, 276–77, 279
Gates Foundation story, 126–32
Lumeris story, 223–24, 226–27, 230
midlife tracking, 117–19
OKR culture and, 215–16, 223–24, 226–27
OKR shepherds, 115–16
reflection, 124–25
scoring, 120–22
self-assessment, 122–24
setting up, 113–15
“achievement orientation,” 22
“active transparency,” 221
“activity trap,” 26
Adobe Systems, 189–96
annual performance reviews, 189–91, 192, 195
Check-in conversations, 191–96, 195
“aggressive introverts,” 26
Ali, Muhammad, 245
bottom-up OKRs, 86–89
cascading OKRs, 79–86
cross-team integration, 88–89, 94–97
Intuit story, 108–9
MyFitnessPal story, 90–101
North Star values, 100–101
Sand Hill Unicorns, 81–85
unacknowledged dependencies, 97–101
Amabile, Teresa, 216
Android, 14
Andy’s Late List, 30
annual OKRs, 14n, 51–52, 72, 274
annual performance reviews, 17–18, 175–76, 178–79
continuous performance management vs., 178–79, 179
AOL, 114–15
Apple II, 29
Applied Materials, 145
Armstrong, Tim, 115
Arora, Maneesh, 63–64
“as measured by” (a.m.b.), 37
aspirational goals, 16, 130, 133–36, 257–58. See also stretch goals
Gates Foundation story, 129, 130
at Google, 138, 139, 140, 141, 148
reading, interpreting, and acting on, 263
YouTube story, 170–71
AT&T, 250
Auletta, Ken, 248
Bak, Lars, 148–49
BASIC, 29
behavior and culture, 219–21
Berra, Yogi, 3
Bessoni, Mike, 207–8
Bezos, Jeff, 212
BHAG (Big Hairy Audacious Goals), 133–34, 139, 234, 277
YouTube’s billion-hour, 163, 164, 165–69
Big Rocks Theory, 160
billion-hour BHAG of YouTube, 163, 164, 165–69
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. See Gates Foundation
BlueJeans, 110
bottom-up OKRs, 33, 86–89, 275
Box, 77
YouTube and, 158–59
Brown, Shona, 123
Brown University, 58
Buchheit, Paul, 87
Buckout, Don, 36
bureaucrats, defined, 134n
Burroughs Corporation, 19
Burwell, Sylvia Mathews, 13
Butkus, Aaron, 207–8
calibration meetings, 175–76
Campbell, Bill, xii, 6n, 49, 104, 133, 247–54, 249, 254
capacity constraints, 81, 86, 98–99
Cargill, Meloney, 65
Carter Center, 131n
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), 72, 76
CFRs (Conversation, Feedback, Recognition), 17–18, 176–77, 182–88, 279
Adobe story, 189–96
Zume Pizza story, 197–211
Check-in conversations, at Adobe, 191–96
Chen, David, 70
digging deeper, 148–50
next frontier, 152–53
rethinking the browser, 146
try-fail, try-succeed, 150–51
upping the goal, 147–48
Claris, 248
click-through rates, 96
cloud-based OKR management software, 114–15, 277
cloud computing, 108–9
coaching. See manager-led coaching
Cole, Andrew, 223–33
collaboration, 7, 51, 88, 221, 279. See also teamwork
at Intel, 110–12
OKR culture and, 215–16
at ONE Campaign, 239–41
transparency and, 78
at Zume Pizza, 207–8
Collins, Jim, 128, 133–34, 223
Columbia University, 247–48
comfort zones, 133
commitment, 16–17, 47–57, 273–74
care of key results, 50
communicating with clarity, 49–50
less is more, 55–57
Nuna story, 69–76
pairing key results, 52–54
the perfect and the good, 54–55
top-line goals, 48–49
the what, how, when, 51–52
at MyFitnessPal, 141
reading, interpreting, and acting on, 261–62
communication, with clarity, 49–50
Computer History Museum, 37
concrete goals, 129–32
connectedness, 17, 77–89, 113–14, 275
bottom-up OKRs, 86–89
cascading OKRs, 79–86
cross-functional coordination, 88–89
Intuit story, 102–12
MyFitnessPal story, 90–101
Sand Hill Unicorns, 81–85
continuous improvement, 18, 197–211
continuous performance management, 17–18, 175–88, 269–72, 278–79. See also CFRs
Adobe story, 189–96
annual performance management vs., 178–79, 179
Pact, Inc., 179–80
reinventing HR, 178–80
Zume Pizza story, 197–211
conversations, 176, 182–84, 276, 278–79
Adobe, 191–96
culture and, 216–17
Lumeris story, 228–31
Zume Pizza, 208–9
counter-effect, 53–54
Coursera, 217–19
“creative confrontation,” 30
cross-team OKRs, 88–89, 94–97, 257
behavior and, 219–21
Bono’s ONE Campaign story, 234–44
at Coursera, 217–19
at Intel, 213–15
Lumeris story, 223–33
Zume Pizza story, 209–11
Dangote, Aliko, 242
DATA (Debt, AIDS, Trade, Africa), 234, 237, 238–39
dating OKRs, 264
Davidow, Bill, 19–20, 29, 35, 37, 38–39, 39, 137–38
Dead Aid (Moyo), 240
Deloitte, 10
Deming, W. Edwards, 113
Dennerline, Doug, 177
Denver Broncos, Orange Crush Defense, 36n
Deskbar, 145
Dewey, John, 124
directional goals, 37–38, 128–29
Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY), 128
discipline, 30, 31, 130, 202–3
Doerr, Lou, 31
“done is better than perfect,” 54n
DRAM, 40
Drive (Pink), 117
Drucker, Peter, 24–25, 26, 32, 50, 88, 117, 175–76, 182
EBS (Enterprise Business Solutions), 106–7, 109, 110, 111, 112
Edmunds.com, 135
80/90 rule, 131
Einstein, Albert, 176
Bono’s ONE Campaign story, 242–43
one-on-ones and, 183n
Zume Pizza story, 204–6
Enron, 8–9
entrepreneurs, defined, 134–35
EPROM, 40
Essence Healthcare, 223–24, 225
“factivism” (fact-based activism), 235
Fairchild Semiconductor, 22, 32
feedback, 176, 184–86, 270–71, 279
Adobe story, 191–96
culture and, 216–17
feedback tools, 185–86
care of key results, 50
communicating with clarity, 49–50
less is more, 55–57
pairing key results, 52–54
the perfect and the good, 54–55
Remind story, 58–68
top-line goals, 48–49
the what, how, when, 51–52
Follett, Mary Parker, 24n
Ford Mercury Bobcat, 52–53
Freston, Tom, 239
Friedman, Orly, 246
Gates, Bill, 13, 126–32, 127, 129
Bono’s ONE Campaign and, 234, 242, 243
making goals concrete, 129–32
personal computer revolution and, 35–36, 128–29
Gates, Melinda, 126, 127, 128, 129, 131
Gates Foundation, 13, 126–32, 234
concrete goals, 129–32
Githongo, John, 240
“Giving of Orders, The” (Follett), 24n
Glasgow, Art, 229, 231, 232, 233
Glassdoor, 217
Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI), 131
goal planning and reflection, 183, 269
“Goals Gone Wild: The Systematic Side Effects of Overprescribing Goal Setting,” 8–9, 10
GO Corporation, 248–50
Goel, Vaibhav, 204–5
Goodrow, Cristos, 154–71
Good to Great (Collins), 133–34, 223
Google. See also Chrome; YouTube
author’s slide show on OKRs at, 3–4, 13–14, 156–57
board of directors, 3, 154, 159
Campbell at, 251–52
check-in cycle, 119
compensation and OKRs, 181–82
gospel of 10x, 138–40
marriage of OKRs and, 3–6, 11–12, 13–15
mission statement, 48–49
moonshot goals, 140, 141, 148, 149
OKR baskets, 135–36
OKR Playbook, 255–65
Project Aristotle, 215
self-assessments, 123
“20 percent time,” 87
Google Docs, 110
Google Health, 70
Google Research Group, 161
Google Search, 145, 152, 156, 161–62
Google Videos, 158–59
Google X, 143
Grand Engineering Challenges, 134
Granger, Kay, 242
green zone (“on track”), 118, 130, 168, 231
Gróf, András István, 20–21
Grove, Andy, 6, 16, 19, 20–34, 21, 39
basic OKR hygiene, 33–34
bottom-up ideas, 87
genesis of OKRs, 22–29
goal setting, 56
iOPEC seminar, 22–23, 27, 34, 213
legacy of, 32–34
measuring output, 25–27
OKR incarnate, 29–32
OKR scoring, 121–22
one-on-one conversations, 182–83
Operation Crush, 35, 36–39, 43–46
personality of, 30–31
Grove, Eva, 28
Harvard Business Review, 79
Harvard Business School, 8–9, 19, 29, 124
Hastings, Tom, 232
Healthcare.gov, 71–72
Hewlett-Packard, 25
high-motivation cultures, 216, 280
High Output Management (Grove), 51, 53–54, 56, 77, 213
Hippocrates, 225
Hobson, Mellody, 133
horizontal connections, 111–12
House, Dave, 137
HOW: Why HOW We Do Anything Means Everything (Seidman), 219–21, 246
How Google Works (Schmidt and Rosenberg), 13
Iacocca, Lee, 52
Ibrahim, Hadeel, 241–42
Ibrahim, Mo, 241–42
Imagine K12, 62
implementation kinks, 104, 273
incentives, 117, 137–38, 224, 275
individual OKRs, 15, 16, 24–25, 33, 56, 95, 107
insufficient KRs, 260–61
integration meetings, 96
Intel, xi, 5, 6, 19–34. See also Operation Crush
measuring output, 25–27
need to stretch, 136–38
OKRs as lifeblood of, 27, 28–29, 35–36
OKR scoring, 121–22
Operation Crush, 35–46
Intel Management by Objectives (iMBOs), 26–27
interpreting OKRs, 261–63
intrinsic motivation, 85, 114, 278
Intuit, 102–12
global collaboration, 110–11
horizontal connections, 111–12
live data from the cloud, 108–9
OKRs, 102–4, 106, 107, 108, 109
iPhone, 252
iPod, 4n
JavaScript, 148–49
JetBlue, 186
JIRA, 114
Jobs, Steve, 30n, 55, 77, 251, 252
Kamangar, Salar, 7, 48–49, 158, 160, 165
key performance indicators (KPIs), 25
Khan Lab School, 246
Klau, Rick, 48–49
Kleiner Perkins, 6, 32, 90, 94, 250, 253–54
Kohler, Daphne, 219
Komisar, Randy, 254
Kopf, Brett, 58–68, 65, 118–19
goals for growth, 65–67
scaling on a shoestring, 63–65
Twitter for education, 60–63
Kopf, David, 59, 61–63, 65, 68
Korver, Clint, 63
Kraft Foods, 61
Kramer, Steven, 216
KRs (Key Results), 7–8, 16, 50
classic mistakes and traps, 258–61
pairing for quality and quantity, 52–54, 54
the what, how, when, 51–52
writing effective, 256–57
Kurzweil, Ray, 134
Kvamme, Floyd, 248
Lally, Jim, 20, 31, 36, 37–38, 41, 138
Lane, David, 235
leaders (leadership), 10, 47–48, 141. See also commitment; focus
culture and, 212–13
management theory, 24–27
top-down goal setting, 86–89
Zume Pizza story, 211
Lean In (Sandberg), 184–85
Lee, Amy, 90
Lee, Mike, 55–56, 90–101, 93, 141
Levie, Aaron, 77
Levin, Rick, 219
Levy, Steven, 11–12, 11n, 139, 149
LiquidPlanner, 200–201
love, 253
low value objectives (LVOs), 260
Lumeris, 223–33
HR transformation, 226–27
OKR resurrection, 228–29
selling your reds, 231–32
transparency without judgment, 229–31
McFadden, Jim, 161
management by objectives (MBOs), 25, 26–27, 27
management theory, 24–27
manager-led coaching, 184, 278, 279
Sand Hill Unicorns, 81–85
MapMyFitness, 99
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, 136–37
Matthew, Lucy, 237
Mayer, Marissa, 7
Mehrotra, Shishir, 160, 163, 164, 168
membership engagement, 242–43
micromanagement, 88
Microsoft, 5, 126, 128–29, 130, 201–2
midlife tracking, 117–19
MightyText and, 63–64
mismanagement, 86–87
missions vs. objectives, 130
mistakes, classic OKR-writing, 258–61
Monthly Active Teachers (MAT), 64
moonshot goals, 16, 140, 141, 148, 149, 224
Moore’s law, 20, 21, 121n, 129
Mount Everest disaster of 1996, 9
Moyo, Dambisa, 240
MyFitnessPal, 90–101
committed goals, 141
cross-team integration, 94–97
less is more, 55–56
North Star values, 100–101
unacknowledged dependencies, 97–101
Nadella, Satya, 161
National Academy of Engineering, 134
negative feedback, 185
Netscape, 251
New Yorker, 248
New York Times, 30–31, 32, 76, 102
Ng, Andrew, 219
North Star values, 100–101
Novell, 251
Nuna International, 69–76
objective scoring, 120–22
objectives vs. missions, 130
Okolloh, Ory, 240
OKRs (Objectives and Key Results)
adaptability of, 246
applications and implications, 17–18. See also CFRs; culture
author’s slide show at Google, 3–4, 13–14, 156–57
cloud-based management software, 114–15, 276
defined, 7–8
genesis of, 22–27
as a launch pad, 245–46
marriage of Google and, 3–6, 11–12, 13–15
quality continuum, 55
“superpowers,” 16–17. See also Superpower #1; Superpower #2; Superpower #3; Superpower #4
OKR culture. See culture
OKR Playbook, 255–65
classic writing mistakes and traps, 258–61
committed vs. aspirational OKRs, 257–58
cross-team OKRs, 257
more litmus tests, 264–65
reading, interpreting, and acting on OKRs, 261–63
writing effective OKRs, 256–57
OKR scores, 120–22
assessment variations, 123–24
ONE Campaign, 234–44
growing up with OKRs, 238–39
measuring passion, 241–43
OKR framework, 243–44
picking right fights, 237–38
the pivot, 239–41
one-on-one meetings, 176, 182–84, 276
at Adobe, 191–96
culture and, 216–17
Lumeris story, 228–31
Zume Pizza, 208–9
the greater good, 45–46
need to stretch, 136–38
OKR scoring, 121–22
turning on a dime, 43–45
urgency of operation, 39–42
Orange Crush Defense, 36n
Organization, Philosophy, and Economics (iOPEC), 22–23, 27, 34, 213
classic mistakes and traps, 258–61
writing effective, 256
“out-behavior,” 220–21
Pact, Inc., 179–80
Page, Larry, xi–xii, xii, 57, 134, 140, 251
gospel of 10x, 138–40
OKRs at Google, 3–6, 7, 11–12, 13–15
stretch goals, 143, 147, 148, 150, 169–70
PageRank, 4
Palihapitiya, Chamath, 64
passion, 241–43
PDP-11, 19n
peer recognition, 176, 186–88, 279
Pence, Bill, 114–15
performance conversations, 269–72. See also continuous performance management
prepping for, 271–72
performance feedback. See feedback
personal computers (PCs), 29, 35–36, 128–29
Pichai, Sundar, 14, 14n, 54, 143–53, 151, 252
Pink, Daniel, 117
positive feedback, 185
Potloff, Philip, 135
power sharing, 24n
Practice of Management, The (Drucker), 25
principled stretching, 164
private OKRs, 73, 74–75, 77–78
Progress Principle, The (Amabile and Kramer), 216
progress updates, 183n, 269–70, 276
Project Aristotle, 215
Project Loon, 143
psychological safety, 215
Publish What You Pay, 242
qualitative goals, 52–54, 54, 274
quantitative goals, 52–54, 54, 274
quarterly OKRs, 7–8, 51–52, 176, 274
at Google, 14n
at Intel, 28
at Nuna, 72
at YouTube, 165–66
at Zume Pizza, 187
QuickBooks Online, 102, 104, 108–9
Radabaugh, Debra, 248
Rajani, Rakesh, 240
ratings biases, 181
reading, recommended, 281–82
culture and, 216–17
recognition stories, 187
recording goals, 117
red zone (“at risk”), 118, 130, 168, 231–32
Remind, 58–68
goals for growth, 65–67, 118–19
scaling on a shoestring, 63–65
Twitter for education, 60–63
revising OKRs, 17, 86, 113, 275
Rice University, 19
Risk Management Solutions (RMS), 79, 141
Rivera, Miriam, 63
Rosenberg, Jonathan, 13, 14, 115, 116, 251–52
Rowling, J. K., 47
“rule of seven,” 14
Salesforce, 114
sandbagging, 34, 78, 181, 259–60
Sandberg, Sheryl, 54n, 175, 184–85, 251
Sand Hill Unicorns, 81, 81–85, 82, 84, 87
San Francisco Marathon, 88
San Jose Hyatt House, 43
scaling, 113–14
culture and, 220–21
Nuna story, 72
Remind story, 63–65
Zuma Pizza story, 203
scarcity, 161
Schmidt, Eric, 6n, 11, 13, 15, 140, 146, 251, 252
scoring, 120–22
assessment variations, 123–24
Sculley, John, 248
Sears, 8
Seidman, Dov, 219–21
self-actualization, 136–37
assessment variations, 123–24
self-discipline, 30, 31, 202–3
self-reflection, 124–25
Series B funding, 64
Shriver, Bobby, 237
Sibyl, 161
Slavitt, Andrew M., 76
Smith, Jeff, 231–32
“snippets,” 11n
Social+Capital Partnership, 64
Staffa, Tim, 179–80
Stanford University, 3, 21n, 144, 152
Stonesifer, Patty, 126–32, 127
stretch goals, 17, 34, 133–71, 277–78
Bono’s ONE Campaign story, 238–39
daring to fail, 33–34
Google Chrome story, 143–53
gospel of 10x, 138–40
need to stretch, 136–38
stretch variables, 141–42
YouTube story, 154–71
structured goal setting, 9–10, 134, 203, 215
subjective self-assessments, 122–24, 276
suggestion boxes, 185
Superpower #1 (focus and commit to priorities), 16–17, 47–76, 274
care of key results, 50
communicating with clarity, 49–50
less is more, 55–57
Nuna story, 69–76
pairing key results, 52–54
the perfect and the good, 54–55
Remind story, 58–68
top-line goals, 48–49
the what, how, when, 51–52
Superpower #2 (align and connect for teamwork), 17, 77–112, 275
bottom-up OKRs, 86–89
cascading OKRs, 79–86
cross-functional coordination, 88–89
Intuit story, 102–12
MyFitnessPal story, 90–101
Sand Hill Unicorns, 81–85
Superpower #3 (track for accountability), 17, 113–32, 276–77
Gates Foundation story, 126–32
midlife tracking, 117–19
OKR shepherds, 115–16
reflection, 124–25
scoring, 120–22
self-assessment, 122–24
setting up, 113–15
Superpower #4 (stretch for amazing), 17, 133–71, 277–78
Google Chrome story, 143–53
gospel of 10x, 138–40
need to stretch, 136–38
stretch variables, 141–42
YouTube story, 154–71
Suzuki, Joseph, 205–6
Taylor, Frederick Winslow, 24
teamwork, 12, 178, 275. See also alignment; collaboration
at Zume Pizza, 207–8
Teller, Astro, 143
10x thinking, 138–40
Thill, Brent, 102
top-down goal setting, 86–89
tracking, 17, 33, 113–32, 276–77
Gates Foundation story, 126–32
midlife, 117–19
OKR shepherds, 115–16
reflection, 124–25
scoring, 120–22
self-assessment, 122–24
setting up, 113–15
transparency, 17, 77–79, 85, 278
bottom-up OKRs, 86–89
cross-functional coordination, 88–89
Intuit story, 102–12
Lumeris story, 228–31
MyFitnessPal story, 90–101
North Star values, 100–101
OKR culture and, 215–16
Sand Hill Unicorns, 81–85
unacknowledged dependencies, 97–101
Zume Pizza story, 206
traps, classic OKR-writing, 258–61
“trust index,” 220–21
TurboTax, 102
two thousand design wins, 137–38
Ulu Ventures, 63
unambiguous OKRs, 37, 204, 256, 264
University of Maryland, 9
Upson, Linus, 152n
Venter, J. Craig, 134
Voltaire, 54
Wall Street Journal, 123
watch time, 161–63, 164, 167, 169
waterfall model, 200–201
Weekly Active Teachers (WAT), 64
Weiner, Jeff, 50
Wells Fargo, 53
West Coast Computer Faire, 29
whatmatters.com, 15–16
Whitefield, Denise, 59–60
Wired, 139
Wojcicki, Susan, 7, 154–71, 155, 170, 251
Work Rules! (Bock), 86–87
World Health Organization (WHO), 132n
wrap-ups, 120–25
reflection, 124–25
scoring, 120–22
self-assessment, 122–24
writing down goals, 117
writing effective OKRs, 256–57
Xbox Live, 201–2
yellow zone (“needs attention”), 118, 130, 168, 231
better metrics, 161
Big Rocks Theory, 160
billion-hour BHAG, 163, 164, 165–69
getting up to speed, 165–67
mutual support, 168–70
principled stretching, 164
thinking bigger, 170–71
top-line goals, 48–49
watch time, 161–63
Zendesk, 114
Zilog, 36
conversations, 208–9
culture, 209–11
discipline, 202–3
engagement, 204–6
leadership, 211
teamwork, 207–8
transparency, 206
Zynga Studios, 198